Elit taekwon-Do sporcularının antrenman ve müsabaka süreçlerindeki psikososyal deneyimleri: Nitel bir araştırma
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Elit sporcular, psikososyal faktörler, nitel araştırmaÖzet
Bu araştırmanın amacı, elit düzeyde taekwondo sporcularının antrenman ve müsabaka süreçlerinde deneyimledikleri psikososyal faktörleri betimleyici fenomenolojik bir yaklaşımla derinlemesine incelemektir. Literatürde bu konu genellikle nicel yöntemlerle ele alınmakta, ancak bu tür çalışmalar sporcuların öznel deneyimlerini ve bireysel algılarını açıklamakta yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada, nitel araştırma desenlerinden betimleyici fenomenoloji yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Çalışma grubunu, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen ve Türkiye’de ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde aktif olarak mücadele eden 10 elit taekwondo sporcusu (5 kadın, 5 erkek) oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmış ve MAXQDA 2020 yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sürecinde içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz teknikleri bir arada kullanılmış; elde edilen veriler kodlara, kategorilere ve temalara ayrılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, sporcuların antrenman ve müsabaka süreçlerinde yaşadığı deneyimler “Psikososyal Faktörler ve Tepkiler” başlığı altında toplanmış ve bu tema altı kategoriye ayrılmıştır: Psikolojik-Duygusal, Bilişsel-Zihinsel, Davranışsal, Fiziksel-Fizyolojik, Sosyal-Çevresel ve Diğer Faktörler. Bu bulgular, performans öncesi sürecin yalnızca fiziksel hazırlıkla sınırlı olmadığını; sporcuların psikososyal ihtiyaçlarını da gözeten bütüncül destek yaklaşımlarının gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
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